Overview
Grade 6 Quality Review Summary
Rubric Section | Quality Rating |
- Intentional Instructional Design
| 53 / 53 |
- Progress Monitoring
| 28 / 28 |
- Supports for All Learners
| 32 / 32 |
- Depth and Coherence of Key Concepts
| 23 / 23 |
- Balance of Conceptual and Procedural Understanding
| 66 / 66 |
- Productive Struggle
| 25 / 25 |
Strengths
- 1.1 Course-Level Design: Materials include a scope and sequence outlining the TEKS, ELPS, concepts, and knowledge taught in the course, with suggested pacing guides for various instructional calendars, explanations for the rationale of unit order and concept connections, guidance for unit and lesson internalization, and resources to support administrators and instructional coaches in implementing the materials as designed.
- 1.2 Unit-Level Design: Materials include comprehensive unit overviews that provide background content knowledge and academic vocabulary necessary for effective teaching, and contain supports for families in both Spanish and English with suggestions for supporting their student's progress.
- 1.3 Lesson-Level Design: Materials include comprehensive, structured lesson plans with daily objectives, questions, tasks, materials, and instructional assessments required to meet the content and language standards. They also provide a lesson overview outlining the suggested timing for each component, a list of necessary teacher and student materials, and guidance on the effective use of lesson materials for extended practice, such as homework, extension, and enrichment.
- 2.1 Instructional Assessments: Materials include a variety of instructional assessments at the unit and lesson levels, including diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments with varied tasks and questions, along with definitions and purposes, teacher guidance for consistent administration, alignment to TEKS and objectives, and standards-aligned items at different levels of complexity.
- 2.2 Data Analysis and Progress Monitoring: Materials include instructional assessments and scoring information that provide guidance for interpreting and responding to student performance, offer guidance on using tasks and activities to address student performance trends, and include tools for students to track their own progress and growth.
- 3.1 Differentiation and Scaffolds: Materials include teacher guidance for differentiated instruction, activities, and scaffolded lessons for students who have not yet reached proficiency, pre-teaching or embedded supports for unfamiliar vocabulary and references in text, and guidance for differentiated instruction, enrichment, and extension activities for students who have demonstrated proficiency in grade-level content and skills.
- 3.2 Instructional Methods: Materials include prompts and guidance to support teachers in modeling, explaining, and directly and explicitly communicating concepts to be learned. They provide teacher guidance and recommendations for effective lesson delivery using various instructional approaches, and support multiple types of practice with guidance on recommended structures, such as whole group, small group, and individual settings, to ensure effective implementation.
- 3.3 Support for Emergent Bilingual Students: Materials provide guidance for teachers in bilingual/ESL programs, support academic vocabulary and comprehension, and include resources for metalinguistic transfer in dual language immersion programs.
- 4.1 Depth of Key Concepts: Materials provide practice opportunities and instructional assessments that require students to demonstrate depth of understanding aligned to the TEKS, with questions and tasks that progressively increase in rigor and complexity, leading to grade-level proficiency in mathematics standards.
- 4.2 Coherence of Key Concepts: Materials demonstrate coherence across courses and grade bands through a logically sequenced scope and sequence, explicitly connecting patterns, big ideas, and relationships between mathematical concepts, linking content and language across grade levels, and connecting students' prior knowledge to new mathematical knowledge and skills.
- 4.3 Spaced and Interleaved Practice: Materials provide spaced retrieval and interleaved practice opportunities with previously learned skills and concepts across lessons and units.
- 5.1 Development of Conceptual Understanding: Materials include questions and tasks that require students to interpret, analyze, and evaluate various models for mathematical concepts, create models to represent mathematical situations, and apply conceptual understanding to new problem situations and contexts.
- 5.2 Development of Fluency: Materials provide tasks designed to build student automaticity and fluency for grade-level tasks, offer opportunities to practice efficient and accurate mathematical procedures, evaluate procedures for efficiency and accuracy, and include embedded supports for teachers to guide students toward more efficient approaches.
- 5.3 Balance of Conceptual Understanding and Procedural Fluency: Materials explicitly state how the conceptual and procedural emphasis of the TEKS are addressed, include questions and tasks that use concrete models, pictorial representations, and abstract representations, and provide supports for students in connecting and explaining these models to abstract concepts.
- 5.4 Development of Academic Mathematical Language: Materials provide opportunities for students to develop academic mathematical language using visuals, manipulatives, and language strategies, with embedded teacher guidance on scaffolding vocabulary, syntax, and discourse, and supporting mathematical conversations to refine and use math language.
- 5.5 Process Standards Connections: Materials integrate process standards appropriately, providing descriptions of how they are incorporated and connected throughout the course, within each unit, and in each lesson.
- 6.1 Student Self-Efficacy: Materials provide opportunities for students to think mathematically, persevere through problem-solving, and make sense of mathematics, while supporting them in understanding multiple ways to solve problems and requiring them to engage with math through doing, writing, and discussion.
- 6.2 Facilitating Productive Struggle: Materials support teachers in guiding students to share and reflect on their problem-solving approaches, offering prompts and guidance for providing explanatory feedback based on student responses and anticipated misconceptions.
Challenges
- No challenges in this material
Summary
Bluebonnet Learning is a secondary mathematics 6–8 program aligned to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) and English Language Proficiency Standards (ELPS). The instructional materials offer a well-structured approach to grade 6 math instruction, featuring a detailed scope and sequence that thoughtfully outlines key concepts and knowledge across various modules/topics. Each module/topic is complemented by flexible pacing guides, accommodating a range of instructional calendars to ensure smooth implementation, regardless of the number of instructional days available. Additionally, the program includes comprehensive module/topic overviews that equip teachers with essential background knowledge, academic vocabulary, and common misconceptions, supporting effective teaching.
Campus and district instructional leaders should consider the following:
- The materials include instructional assessments and performance tasks that help identify areas where students may be struggling and provide next steps. Intervention and extension activities are available and sometimes take the form of additional practice problems rather than dedicated lessons for differentiated support. Teachers may need additional support expanding the intervention and extension resources to include more targeted activities, such as small group lessons, which would further support teachers in addressing the needs of both struggling and advanced learners.
- The program encourages students to engage in the problem-solving model and think critically about mathematics. It includes a variety of strategies to assess and support emergent bilingual students, with embedded ELPS throughout the lessons. The structure ensures that multiple strategies are included in each lesson, supporting all students in mastering the TEKS.
Grade 7 Quality Review Summary
Rubric Section | Quality Rating |
- Intentional Instructional Design
| 53 / 53 |
- Progress Monitoring
| 28 / 28 |
- Supports for All Learners
| 32 / 32 |
- Depth and Coherence of Key Concepts
| 23 / 23 |
- Balance of Conceptual and Procedural Understanding
| 66 / 66 |
- Productive Struggle
| 25 / 25 |
Strengths
- 1.1 Course-Level Design: Materials include a scope and sequence outlining the TEKS, ELPS, concepts, and knowledge taught in the course, with suggested pacing guides for various instructional calendars, explanations for the rationale of unit order and concept connections, guidance for unit and lesson internalization, and resources to support administrators and instructional coaches in implementing the materials as designed.
- 1.2 Unit-Level Design: Materials include comprehensive unit overviews that provide background content knowledge and academic vocabulary necessary for effective teaching and contain supports for families in both Spanish and English with suggestions for supporting their student's progress.
- 1.3 Lesson-Level Design: Materials include comprehensive, structured lesson plans with daily objectives, questions, tasks, materials, and instructional assessments required to meet the content and language standards. They also provide a lesson overview outlining the suggested timing for each component, a list of necessary teacher and student materials, and guidance on the effective use of lesson materials for extended practice, such as homework, extension, and enrichment.
- 2.1 Instructional Assessments: Materials include a variety of instructional assessments at the unit and lesson levels, including diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments with varied tasks and questions, along with definitions and purposes, teacher guidance for consistent administration, alignment to TEKS and objectives, and standards-aligned items at different levels of complexity.
- 2.2 Data Analysis and Progress Monitoring: Materials include instructional assessments and scoring information that provide guidance for interpreting and responding to student performance, offer guidance on using tasks and activities to address student performance trends, and include tools for students to track their own progress and growth.
- 3.1 Differentiation and Scaffolds: Materials include teacher guidance for differentiated instruction, activities, and scaffolded lessons for students who have not yet reached proficiency, pre-teaching or embedded supports for unfamiliar vocabulary and references in text, and guidance for differentiated instruction, enrichment, and extension activities for students who have demonstrated proficiency in grade-level content and skills.
- 3.2 Instructional Methods: Materials include prompts and guidance to support teachers in modeling, explaining, and directly and explicitly communicating concepts to be learned. They provide teacher guidance and recommendations for effective lesson delivery using various instructional approaches and support multiple types of practice with guidance on recommended structures, such as whole group, small group, and individual settings, to ensure effective implementation.
- 3.3 Support for Emergent Bilingual Students: Materials provide guidance for teachers in bilingual/ESL programs, support academic vocabulary and comprehension.
- 4.1 Depth of Key Concepts: Materials provide practice opportunities and instructional assessments that require students to demonstrate depth of understanding aligned to the TEKS, with questions and tasks that progressively increase in rigor and complexity, leading to grade-level proficiency in mathematics standards.
- 4.2 Coherence of Key Concepts: Materials demonstrate coherence across courses and grade bands through a logically sequenced scope and sequence, explicitly connecting patterns, big ideas, and relationships between mathematical concepts, linking content and language across grade levels, and connecting students' prior knowledge to new mathematical knowledge and skills.
- 4.3 Spaced and Interleaved Practice: Materials provide spaced retrieval and interleaved practice opportunities with previously learned skills and concepts across lessons and units.
- 5.1 Development of Conceptual Understanding: Materials include questions and tasks that require students to interpret, analyze, and evaluate various models for mathematical concepts, create models to represent mathematical situations, and apply conceptual understanding to new problem situations and contexts.
- 5.2 Development of Fluency: Materials provide tasks designed to build student automaticity and fluency for grade-level tasks, offer opportunities to practice efficient and accurate mathematical procedures, evaluate procedures for efficiency and accuracy, and include embedded supports for teachers to guide students toward more efficient approaches.
- 5.3 Balance of Conceptual Understanding and Procedural Fluency: Materials explicitly state how the conceptual and procedural emphasis of the TEKS are addressed, include questions and tasks that use concrete models, pictorial representations, and abstract representations, and provide supports for students in connecting and explaining these models to abstract concepts.
- 5.4 Development of Academic Mathematical Language: Materials provide opportunities for students to develop academic mathematical language using visuals, manipulatives, and language strategies, with embedded teacher guidance on scaffolding vocabulary, syntax, and discourse, and supporting mathematical conversations to refine and use math language.
- 5.5 Process Standards Connections: Materials integrate process standards appropriately, providing descriptions of how they are incorporated and connected throughout the course, within each unit, and in each lesson.
- 6.1 Student Self-Efficacy: Materials provide opportunities for students to think mathematically, persevere through problem-solving, and make sense of mathematics, while supporting them in understanding multiple ways to solve problems and requiring them to engage with math through doing, writing, and discussion.
- 6.2 Facilitating Productive Struggle: Materials support teachers in guiding students to share and reflect on their problem-solving approaches, offering prompts and guidance for providing explanatory feedback based on student responses and anticipated misconceptions.
Challenges
- No challenges in this material
Summary
Bluebonnet Learning is a secondary mathematics 6–8 program aligned to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) and English Language Proficiency Standards (ELPS). The instructional materials offer a structured approach to grade 7 math instruction, incorporating a detailed scope and sequence that outlines the concepts and knowledge taught across various modules/topics. Each module/topic is supported by pacing guides that accommodate different instructional calendars, ensuring effective implementation regardless of the number of instructional days available. The program includes comprehensive module topic overviews that provide essential background knowledge, academic vocabulary, and misconceptions necessary for teaching concepts effectively.
Campus and district instructional leaders should consider the following:
- The materials include instructional assessments and performance tasks that help identify areas where students may be struggling and provide next steps. Intervention and extension activities are available and sometimes take the form of additional practice problems rather than dedicated lessons for differentiated support. Teachers may need additional support expanding the intervention and extension resources to include more targeted activities, such as small group lessons, which would further support teachers in addressing the needs of both struggling and advanced learners.
- The program encourages students to engage in the problem-solving model and think critically about mathematics. It includes a variety of strategies to assess and support emergent bilingual students, with embedded ELPS throughout the lessons. The structure ensures that multiple strategies are included in each lesson, supporting all students in mastering the TEKS.
Grade 8 Quality Review Summary
Rubric Section | Quality Rating |
- Intentional Instructional Design
| 53 / 53 |
- Progress Monitoring
| 28 / 28 |
- Supports for All Learners
| 32 / 32 |
- Depth and Coherence of Key Concepts
| 23 / 23 |
- Balance of Conceptual and Procedural Understanding
| 66 / 66 |
- Productive Struggle
| 25 / 25 |
Strengths
- 1.1 Course-Level Design: Materials include a scope and sequence outlining the TEKS, ELPS, concepts, and knowledge taught in the course, with suggested pacing guides for various instructional calendars, explanations for the rationale of unit order and concept connections, guidance for unit and lesson internalization, and resources to support administrators and instructional coaches in implementing the materials as designed.
- 1.2 Unit-Level Design: Materials include comprehensive unit overviews that provide background content knowledge and academic vocabulary necessary for effective teaching and contain supports for families in both Spanish and English with suggestions for supporting their student's progress.
- 1.3 Lesson-Level Design: Materials include comprehensive, structured lesson plans with daily objectives, questions, tasks, materials, and instructional assessments required to meet the content and language standards. They also provide a lesson overview outlining the suggested timing for each component, a list of necessary teacher and student materials, and guidance on the effective use of lesson materials for extended practice, such as homework, extension, and enrichment.
- 2.1 Instructional Assessments: Materials include a variety of instructional assessments at the unit and lesson levels, including diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments with varied tasks and questions, along with definitions and purposes, teacher guidance for consistent administration, alignment to TEKS and objectives, and standards-aligned items at varying levels of complexity.
- 2.2 Data Analysis and Progress Monitoring: Materials include instructional assessments and scoring information that provide guidance for interpreting and responding to student performance, offer guidance on using tasks and activities to address student performance trends, and include tools for students to track their own progress and growth.
- 3.1 Differentiation and Scaffolds: Materials include teacher guidance for differentiated instruction, activities, and scaffolded lessons for students who have not yet reached proficiency, pre-teaching or embedded supports for unfamiliar vocabulary and references in text, and guidance for differentiated instruction, enrichment, and extension activities for students who have demonstrated proficiency in grade-level content and skills.
- 3.2 Instructional Methods: Materials include prompts and guidance to support teachers in modeling, explaining, and directly and explicitly communicating concepts to be learned. They provide teacher guidance and recommendations for effective lesson delivery using various instructional approaches and support multiple types of practice with guidance on recommended structures, such as whole group, small group, and individual settings, to ensure effective implementation.
- 3.3 Support for Emergent Bilingual Students: Materials provide guidance for teachers in bilingual/ESL programs, support academic vocabulary and comprehension, and include resources for metalinguistic transfer in dual language immersion programs.
- 4.1 Depth of Key Concepts: Materials provide practice opportunities and instructional assessments that require students to demonstrate depth of understanding aligned to the TEKS, with questions and tasks that progressively increase in rigor and complexity, leading to grade-level proficiency in mathematics standards.
- 4.2 Coherence of Key Concepts: Materials demonstrate coherence across courses and grade bands through a logically sequenced scope and sequence, explicitly connecting patterns, big ideas, and relationships between mathematical concepts, linking content and language across grade levels, and connecting students' prior knowledge to new mathematical knowledge and skills.
- 4.3 Spaced and Interleaved Practice: Materials provide spaced retrieval and interleaved practice opportunities with previously learned skills and concepts across lessons and units.
- 5.1 Development of Conceptual Understanding: Materials include questions and tasks that require students to interpret, analyze, and evaluate various models for mathematical concepts, create models to represent mathematical situations, and apply conceptual understanding to new problem situations and contexts.
- 5.2 Development of Fluency: Materials provide tasks designed to build student automaticity and fluency for grade-level tasks, offer opportunities to practice efficient and accurate mathematical procedures, evaluate procedures for efficiency and accuracy, and include embedded supports for teachers to guide students toward more efficient approaches.
- 5.3 Balance of Conceptual Understanding and Procedural Fluency: Materials explicitly state how the conceptual and procedural emphasis of the TEKS are addressed, include questions and tasks that use concrete models, pictorial representations, and abstract representations, and provide supports for students in connecting and explaining these models to abstract concepts.
- 5.4 Development of Academic Mathematical Language: Materials provide opportunities for students to develop academic mathematical language using visuals, manipulatives, and language strategies, with embedded teacher guidance on scaffolding vocabulary, syntax, and discourse, and supporting mathematical conversations to refine and use math language.
- 5.5 Process Standards Connections: Materials integrate process standards appropriately, providing descriptions of how they are incorporated and connected throughout the course, within each unit, and in each lesson.
- 6.1 Student Self-Efficacy: Materials provide opportunities for students to think mathematically, persevere through problem-solving, and make sense of mathematics, while supporting them in understanding multiple ways to solve problems and requiring them to engage with math through doing, writing, and discussion.
- 6.2 Facilitating Productive Struggle: Materials support teachers in guiding students to share and reflect on their problem-solving approaches, offering prompts and guidance for providing explanatory feedback based on student responses and anticipated misconceptions.
Challenges
- No challenges in this material
Summary
Bluebonnet Learning is a secondary mathematics 6–8 program aligned to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) and English Language Proficiency Standards (ELPS). The instructional materials offer a well-structured approach to grade 8 math instruction, featuring a detailed scope and sequence that thoughtfully outlines key concepts and knowledge across various modules/topics. Each module/topic is complemented by flexible pacing guides, accommodating a range of instructional calendars to ensure smooth implementation, regardless of the number of instructional days available. Additionally, the program includes comprehensive module/topic overviews that equip teachers with essential background knowledge, academic vocabulary, and common misconceptions, supporting effective teaching.
Campus and district instructional leaders should consider the following:
- The materials include instructional assessments and performance tasks that help identify areas where students may be struggling and provide next steps. Intervention and extension activities are available and sometimes take the form of additional practice problems rather than dedicated lessons for differentiated support. Teachers may need additional support expanding the intervention and extension resources to include more targeted activities, such as small group lessons, which would further support teachers in addressing the needs of both struggling and advanced learners.
- The program encourages students to engage in the problem-solving model and think critically about mathematics. It includes a variety of strategies to assess and support emergent bilingual students, with embedded ELPS throughout the lessons. The structure ensures that multiple strategies are included in each lesson, supporting all students in mastering the TEKS.
Algebra I Quality Review Summary
Rubric Section | Quality Rating |
- Intentional Instructional Design
| 53 / 53 |
- Progress Monitoring
| 28 / 28 |
- Supports for All Learners
| 32 / 32 |
- Depth and Coherence of Key Concepts
| 23 / 23 |
- Balance of Conceptual and Procedural Understanding
| 66 / 66 |
- Productive Struggle
| 25 / 25 |
Strengths
- 1.1 Course-Level Design: Materials include a scope and sequence outlining the TEKS, ELPS, concepts, and knowledge taught in the course, with suggested pacing guides for various instructional calendars, explanations for the rationale of unit order and concept connections, guidance for unit and lesson internalization, and resources to support administrators and instructional coaches in implementing the materials as designed.
- 1.2 Unit-Level Design: Materials include comprehensive unit overviews that provide background content knowledge and academic vocabulary necessary for effective teaching and contain supports for families in both Spanish and English with suggestions for supporting their student's progress.
- 1.3 Lesson-Level Design: Materials include comprehensive, structured lesson plans with daily objectives, questions, tasks, materials, and instructional assessments required to meet the content and language standards. They also provide a lesson overview outlining the suggested timing for each component, a list of necessary teacher and student materials, and guidance on the effective use of lesson materials for extended practice, such as homework, extension, and enrichment.
- 2.1 Instructional Assessments: Materials include a variety of instructional assessments at the unit and lesson levels, including diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments with varied tasks and questions, along with definitions and purposes, teacher guidance for consistent administration, alignment to TEKS and objectives, and standards-aligned items at different levels of complexity.
- 2.2 Data Analysis and Progress Monitoring: Materials include instructional assessments and scoring information that provide guidance for interpreting and responding to student performance, offer guidance on using tasks and activities to address student performance trends, and include tools for students to track their own progress and growth.
- 3.1 Differentiation and Scaffolds: Materials include teacher guidance for differentiated instruction, activities, and scaffolded lessons for students who have not yet reached proficiency, pre-teaching or embedded supports for unfamiliar vocabulary and references in text, and guidance for differentiated instruction, enrichment, and extension activities for students who have demonstrated proficiency in grade-level content and skills.
- 3.2 Instructional Methods: Materials include prompts and guidance to support teachers in modeling, explaining, and directly and explicitly communicating concepts to be learned. They provide teacher guidance and recommendations for effective lesson delivery using various instructional approaches and support multiple types of practice with guidance on recommended structures, such as whole group, small group, and individual settings, to ensure effective implementation.
- 3.3 Support for Emergent Bilingual Students: Materials provide guidance for teachers in bilingual/ESL programs, support academic vocabulary and comprehension, and include resources for metalinguistic transfer in dual language immersion programs.
- 4.1 Depth of Key Concepts: Materials provide practice opportunities and instructional assessments that require students to demonstrate depth of understanding aligned to the TEKS, with questions and tasks that progressively increase in rigor and complexity, leading to grade-level proficiency in mathematics standards.
- 4.2 Coherence of Key Concepts: Materials demonstrate coherence across courses and grade bands through a logically sequenced scope and sequence, explicitly connecting patterns, big ideas, and relationships between mathematical concepts, linking content and language across grade levels, and connecting students' prior knowledge to new mathematical knowledge and skills.
- 4.3 Spaced and Interleaved Practice: Materials provide spaced retrieval and interleaved practice opportunities with previously learned skills and concepts across lessons and units.
- 5.1 Development of Conceptual Understanding: Materials include questions and tasks that require students to interpret, analyze, and evaluate various models for mathematical concepts, create models to represent mathematical situations, and apply conceptual understanding to new problem situations and contexts.
- 5.2 Development of Fluency: Materials provide tasks designed to build student automaticity and fluency for grade-level tasks, offer opportunities to practice efficient and accurate mathematical procedures, evaluate procedures for efficiency and accuracy, and include embedded supports for teachers to guide students toward more efficient approaches.
- 5.3 Balance of Conceptual Understanding and Procedural Fluency: Materials explicitly state how the conceptual and procedural emphasis of the TEKS are addressed, include questions and tasks that use concrete models, pictorial representations, and abstract representations, and provide supports for students in connecting and explaining these models to abstract concepts.
- 5.4 Development of Academic Mathematical Language: Materials provide opportunities for students to develop academic mathematical language using visuals, manipulatives, and language strategies, with embedded teacher guidance on scaffolding vocabulary, syntax, and discourse, and supporting mathematical conversations to refine and use math language.
- 5.5 Process Standards Connections: Materials integrate process standards appropriately, providing descriptions of how they are incorporated and connected throughout the course, within each unit, and in each lesson.
- 6.1 Student Self-Efficacy: Materials provide opportunities for students to think mathematically, persevere through problem-solving, and make sense of mathematics, while supporting them in understanding multiple ways to solve problems and requiring them to engage with math through doing, writing, and discussion.
- 6.2 Facilitating Productive Struggle: Materials support teachers in guiding students to share and reflect on their problem-solving approaches, offering prompts and guidance for providing explanatory feedback based on student responses and anticipated misconceptions.
Challenges
- No challenges in this material
Summary
Bluebonnet Learning is a secondary mathematics program for Algebra I aligned to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) and English Language Proficiency Standards (ELPS). The instructional materials offer a structured approach to Algebra I instruction, incorporating a detailed scope and sequence that outlines the concepts and knowledge taught across various modules/topics. Each module/topic is supported by pacing guides that accommodate different instructional calendars, ensuring effective implementation regardless of the number of instructional days available. The program includes comprehensive module/topic overviews that provide essential background knowledge and academic vocabulary necessary for teaching concepts effectively.
Campus and district instructional leaders should consider the following:
- The program offers a variety of instructional assessments at both the module/topic and lesson levels, including formative and summative assessments. These assessments feature diverse tasks and questions, all aligned with the TEKS and course objectives.
- The program excels in fostering mathematical thinking, perseverance, and problem-solving among students. It encourages students to explore multiple approaches to solving problems, and its design supports meaningful engagement with math through hands-on activities, writing, and discussions with peers and teachers.